Haut-Sénégal-Niger (Soudan français), Tome 3 (de 3): les civilisations
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"Haut-Sénégal-Niger (Soudan français), Tome 3 (de 3): les civilisations" by Maurice Delafosse is a scholarly ethnographic study written in the early 20th century. It surveys the civilizations of the French Soudan through their customary institutions—civil, social, political, and religious—with special attention to land tenure, property, family organization, and inheritance. The volume contrasts indigenous customary law with Islamic (Maliki) principles and French administrative practice, aiming to present the underlying spirit of local customs rather than a rigid code.
The opening of the volume defines “civilization” broadly and argues that Sudanese societies possess coherent systems of custom worth systematic study, while noting that Islamic law is only partially adopted and that codifying customs would be misleading. Delafosse sets a method: avoid forcing European legal terms onto indigenous notions and extract guiding principles instead. He then outlines land tenure among sedentary
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