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A
\n<onlyinclude>",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Abstract Data Type (ADT)"},"2":{"wt":"A container whose properties (data and operations) are specified independently of any particular implementation."}},"i":1}},"</onlyinclude>\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Abstract step"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>An algorithmic step for which some details remain unspecified.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":2}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Abstraction"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the viewer.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":3}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Access Control Policy"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A set of rules established by an organization that specify which types of network communication are permitted and denied.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":4}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Access time"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Thetime it takes for a block to start being read; the sum of seek time and latency.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":5}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Adder"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>An electronic circuit that performs an addition operation on binary values.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":6}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Addressability"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The number of bits stored in each addressable location in memory.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":7}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Address binding"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The mapping from a logical address to a physical address.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":8}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Address vertices"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Two vertices that are connected by an edge.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":9}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Aggregate opeartion"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>An operation on a data structure as a whole, as opposed to an operation on an individual component of the data structure.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":10}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Algorithm"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Unambiguous instructions for solving a problem or subproblem in a finite amount of time using a finite amount of data.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":11}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Analog data"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A continuous representation of data.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":12}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Antivirus software"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Software designed to detect, remove, and/or prevent malicious software.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":13}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Application software"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Programs that help one solve real-world problems.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":14}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Arguments"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The identifiers listed in parentheses on the subprogram call; sometimes called ''actual parameters''.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":15}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The computer component that performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and logical operations (a comparison of two values).</onlyinclude>"}},"i":16}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Artificial Intelligence (AI)"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The study of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":17}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A computer representation of knowledge that attempts to mimic neural networks of the human body.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":18}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Assembler"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A program that translates an assembly-language program into machine code.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":19}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Assembler directives"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Instructions to the translating program</onlyinclude>"}},"i":20}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Assembler language"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A low-level programming language in which mnemonics represent each of the machine-language instructions for a particular computer.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":21}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Asynchronous"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Not occurring at the same moment in time as some specific operation of the computer; in other words, not synchronized with the program's actions.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":22}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Attribute"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Part of a tag that provides additional information about the element.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":23}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Authenteication credenteials"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Information users provide to identify themselves.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":24}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Availability"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The degree to which authorized users can access information for legitimate purposes.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":25}}]}' id="mwBQ">► Absolute path A path at begins at the root and includes all successive subdirectories. ► Abstract Data Type (ADT) A container whose properties (data and operations) are specified independently of any particular implementation. ► Abstract step An algorithmic step for which some details remain unspecified. ► Abstraction A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the viewer. ► Access Control Policy A set of rules established by an organization that specify which types of network communication are permitted and denied. ► Access time Thetime it takes for a block to start being read; the sum of seek time and latency. ► Adder An electronic circuit that performs an addition operation on binary values. ► Addressability The number of bits stored in each addressable location in memory. ► Address binding The mapping from a logical address to a physical address. ► Address vertices Two vertices that are connected by an edge. ► Aggregate opeartion An operation on a data structure as a whole, as opposed to an operation on an individual component of the data structure. ► Algorithm Unambiguous instructions for solving a problem or subproblem in a finite amount of time using a finite amount of data. ► Analog data A continuous representation of data. ► Antivirus software Software designed to detect, remove, and/or prevent malicious software. ► Application software Programs that help one solve real-world problems. ► Arguments The identifiers listed in parentheses on the subprogram call; sometimes called actual parameters. ► Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) The computer component that performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and logical operations (a comparison of two values). ► Artificial Intelligence (AI) The study of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind. ► Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) A computer representation of knowledge that attempts to mimic neural networks of the human body. ► Assembler A program that translates an assembly-language program into machine code. ► Assembler directives Instructions to the translating program ► Assembler language A low-level programming language in which mnemonics represent each of the machine-language instructions for a particular computer. ► Asynchronous Not occurring at the same moment in time as some specific operation of the computer; in other words, not synchronized with the program's actions. ► Attribute Part of a tag that provides additional information about the element. ► Authenteication credenteials Information users provide to identify themselves. ► Availability The degree to which authorized users can access information for legitimate purposes.
B
A program feature that gives special and unauthorised access to a software system to anyone who knows it exits.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":0}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Bandwidth"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The number of bits or bytes that can be transmitted from one place to another in a fixed amount of time.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":1}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Base"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The foundational value of a number system, which dictates the number of digits and the value of digit positions.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":2}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Base register"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A register that holds the beginning address of the current partition.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":3}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Big-O Notation"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A notation that expresses computing time (complexity) as the term in a function that increases most raidly relative to the size of the problem.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":4}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Binary digit"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A digit in the binary number system; a <code>0</code> or <code>1</code>.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":5}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Binary file"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A file that contains data in a specific format, requiring a special interpretation of its bits.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":6}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Binary tree"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>An abstract composite structure with a unique starting node called the root, in which each node is capable of having two child nodes and in which a unique path exits from the root to every other node.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":7}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Biometrics"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Using physiological characteristics, such as fingerprints, to identify users and control access.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":8}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Bit"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A binary digit.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":9}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Block"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The information stored in a sector.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":10}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Boolean algebra"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A mathematical notation for expressing two-valued logical functions.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":11}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Boolean expression"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A sequence of identifiers, separated by compatibly operators, that evaluates to either true or false.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":12}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Bounds register"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A register that holds the length of the current partition.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":13}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Breadth-first approach"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Searching across levels of a tree prior to searching down specific paths.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":14}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Broadband"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Network technologies that generally provide data transfer speeds greater than 128Kbps.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":15}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Buffer overflow"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A defect in a computer program that could cause a system to crash and leave the user with heightened privileges.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":16}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Bus topology"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A LAN configuration in which all nodes share a common line.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":17}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Bus width"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The number of bits that can be transferred in parallel over the bus.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":18}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Byte"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Eight binary digits.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":19}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Bytecode"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A standard machine language in which Java source code is compiled.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":20}}]}' id="mwBw">► Back door A program feature that gives special and unauthorised access to a software system to anyone who knows it exits.
► Bandwidth The number of bits or bytes that can be transmitted from one place to another in a fixed amount of time.
► Base The foundational value of a number system, which dictates the number of digits and the value of digit positions.
► Base register A register that holds the beginning address of the current partition.
► Big-O Notation A notation that expresses computing time (complexity) as the term in a function that increases most raidly relative to the size of the problem.
► Binary digit A digit in the binary number system; a 0 or 1.
► Binary file A file that contains data in a specific format, requiring a special interpretation of its bits.
► Binary tree An abstract composite structure with a unique starting node called the root, in which each node is capable of having two child nodes and in which a unique path exits from the root to every other node.
► Biometrics Using physiological characteristics, such as fingerprints, to identify users and control access.
► Bit A binary digit.
► Block The information stored in a sector.
► Boolean algebra A mathematical notation for expressing two-valued logical functions.
► Boolean expression A sequence of identifiers, separated by compatibly operators, that evaluates to either true or false.
► Bounds register A register that holds the length of the current partition.
► Breadth-first approach Searching across levels of a tree prior to searching down specific paths.
► Broadband Network technologies that generally provide data transfer speeds greater than 128Kbps.
► Buffer overflow A defect in a computer program that could cause a system to crash and leave the user with heightened privileges.
► Bus topology A LAN configuration in which all nodes share a common line.
► Bus width The number of bits that can be transferred in parallel over the bus.
► Byte Eight binary digits.
► Bytecode A standard machine language in which Java source code is compiled.
C
A device that allows computer network communication using the cable TV hookup in a home.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":0}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Cache memory"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A type of small, high-speed memory used to hold frequently used data.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":1}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Caesar cipher"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A substitution cipher that shifts characters a certain number of positions in the alphabet.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":2}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Cancellation error"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A loss of accuracy during addition or subtraction of numbers of widely differing sizes, due to limits of precision.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":3}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"CAPTCHA"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A software mechanism used to verify that a web form is submitted by a human and not an automated program.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":4}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Cardinality constraint"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The number of relationships that may exist at one time among entities in an ER diagram.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":5}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Case sensitive"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Uppercase and lowercase letters are not considered the same; two identifiers with the same spelling but different capitalization are considered to be two distinct identifiers.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":6}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Cell"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>An element of a spreadsheet that can contain data or a formula.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":7}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Character set"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A list of characters and the codes used to represent each one.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":8}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Chatbot"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A program designed to carry on a conversation with a human user.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":9}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Cipher"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>An algorithm used to encrypt and decrypt text.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":10}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Circuit"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A combination of interacting gates designed to accomplish a specific logical function.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":11}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Circuit equivalence"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The same output for each corresponding input-value combination for two circuits.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":12}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Circular reference"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A set of formulas that ultimately, and erroneously, rely on each other to compute their results.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":13}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Class (implementation phase)"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A pattern for an object.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":14}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Class NP problems"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Problems that can be solved in polynomial time which as many processors are desired.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":15}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Class P"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The class made up of all polynomial-time algorithms.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":16}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Class P problems"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Problems that can be solved with one processor in polynomial time.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":17}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Client/server model"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A distributed approach in which a client makes requests of a server and the server responds.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":18}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Cloud computing"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A service that provides storage space and other resources on the Internet.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":19}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Code-coverage (clear-box) testing"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Testing a program or subprogram based on covering all the statements in the code.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":20}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Combinational circuit"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A circuit whose output is solely determined by its input values.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":21}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Comment"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Explanatory text for the human reader.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":22}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Compiler"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A program that translates a high-level language program into machine code.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":23}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Compression ratio"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The size of the compressed data divided by the size of the uncompressed data.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":24}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Computational biology"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>An interdisciplinary field that applies techniques of computer science, appl;ied mathematics, and statistics to problems in biology.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":25}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Computer gaming"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A computer simulation of a virtual world.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":26}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Computer hardware"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The physical elements of a computing system.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":27}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Computer network"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A collection of computing devices connected so that they can communicate and share resources.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":28}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Computer software"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The programs that provide instructions that a computer executes.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":29}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Computer system"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Computer hardware, software, and data, which interact to solve a problem.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":30}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Concrete step"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A step for which the details are fully specified.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":31}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Confidentially"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Ensuring that data is protected from unauthorized access.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":32}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Constant time"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>An algorithm whose Big-O work expression is a constant.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":33}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Containers"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>Objects whose role is to hold and manipulate other objects.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":34}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Context switch"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The exchange of register information that occurs when one process is removed from the CPU and another takes its place.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":35}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Control abstraction"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The separation of the logical view of a control structure from its implementation.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":36}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Contrl structure"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>An instruction that determines the order in whichother insutrctions in a program are executed.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":37}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Control unit"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The computer component that controls the actions of other components so as to execute instructions in sequence.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":38}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Central Processing Unit (CPU)"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>A combination of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit; the \"brain\" of a computer that interprets and executes instructions.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":39}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"CPU scheduling"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The act of determining which process in memory is given access to the CPU so that it may execute.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":40}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Cryptanalysis"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The process of decrypting a message without knowing the cipher or key used to encrypt it.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":41}},"\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IB/Define","href":"./Template:IB/Define"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Cylinder"},"2":{"wt":"<onlyinclude>The set of concentric tracks on all surfaces.</onlyinclude>"}},"i":42}}]}' id="mwCQ">► Cable modem A device that allows computer network communication using the cable TV hookup in a home. ► Cache memory A type of small, high-speed memory used to hold frequently used data. ► Caesar cipher A substitution cipher that shifts characters a certain number of positions in the alphabet. ► Cancellation error A loss of accuracy during addition or subtraction of numbers of widely differing sizes, due to limits of precision. ► CAPTCHA A software mechanism used to verify that a web form is submitted by a human and not an automated program. ► Cardinality constraint The number of relationships that may exist at one time among entities in an ER diagram. ► Case sensitive Uppercase and lowercase letters are not considered the same; two identifiers with the same spelling but different capitalization are considered to be two distinct identifiers. ► Cell An element of a spreadsheet that can contain data or a formula. ► Character set A list of characters and the codes used to represent each one. ► Chatbot A program designed to carry on a conversation with a human user. ► Cipher An algorithm used to encrypt and decrypt text. ► Circuit A combination of interacting gates designed to accomplish a specific logical function. ► Circuit equivalence The same output for each corresponding input-value combination for two circuits. ► Circular reference A set of formulas that ultimately, and erroneously, rely on each other to compute their results. ► Class (implementation phase) A pattern for an object. ► Class NP problems Problems that can be solved in polynomial time which as many processors are desired. ► Class P The class made up of all polynomial-time algorithms. ► Class P problems Problems that can be solved with one processor in polynomial time. ► Client/server model A distributed approach in which a client makes requests of a server and the server responds. ► Cloud computing A service that provides storage space and other resources on the Internet. ► Code-coverage (clear-box) testing Testing a program or subprogram based on covering all the statements in the code. ► Combinational circuit A circuit whose output is solely determined by its input values. ► Comment Explanatory text for the human reader. ► Compiler A program that translates a high-level language program into machine code. ► Compression ratio The size of the compressed data divided by the size of the uncompressed data. ► Computational biology An interdisciplinary field that applies techniques of computer science, appl;ied mathematics, and statistics to problems in biology. ► Computer gaming A computer simulation of a virtual world. ► Computer hardware The physical elements of a computing system. ► Computer network A collection of computing devices connected so that they can communicate and share resources. ► Computer software The programs that provide instructions that a computer executes. ► Computer system Computer hardware, software, and data, which interact to solve a problem. ► Concrete step A step for which the details are fully specified. ► Confidentially Ensuring that data is protected from unauthorized access. ► Constant time An algorithm whose Big-O work expression is a constant. ► Containers Objects whose role is to hold and manipulate other objects. ► Context switch The exchange of register information that occurs when one process is removed from the CPU and another takes its place. ► Control abstraction The separation of the logical view of a control structure from its implementation. ► Contrl structure An instruction that determines the order in whichother insutrctions in a program are executed. ► Control unit The computer component that controls the actions of other components so as to execute instructions in sequence. ► Central Processing Unit (CPU) A combination of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit; the "brain" of a computer that interprets and executes instructions. ► CPU scheduling The act of determining which process in memory is given access to the CPU so that it may execute. ► Cryptanalysis The process of decrypting a message without knowing the cipher or key used to encrypt it. ► Cylinder The set of concentric tracks on all surfaces.
D
E
F
G
H
I
► Input Unit is a device that accepts data to be stored in the memory.
► Instruction Register (IR) is the register that contains the instruction currently being executed.
J
K
L
Lossy Compression a form of compression that permanently eliminates part of the information (particularly redundant information)
M
► Memory Management is the act of keeping track of how and where programs are loaded in main memory.
► Motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer.
► Multiprogramming is the technique of keeping multiple programs in main memory at the same time, competing for the CPU.
N
O
► Operating System is system software that manages computer resources and provides an interface for system interaction.
► Output Unit is a device that prints or otherwise displays data stored in memory or makes a permanent copy of information stored in memory or another device.
P
► Pipelining is a technique that breaks an instruction into smaller steps that can be overlapped.
► Process is the dynamic representation of a program during execution.
► Process Management is the act of keeping tack of information for active processes.
► Program Counter (PC) is the register that contains the address of the next instruction to be executed.
Q
R
► Register is a small storage area in the CPU used to store intermediate values or special data.
S
► System Software are programs that manage a computer system and interact with hardware.
T
► Transistor An electronic component that acts as a semiconductor. Main building block of electronic devices.